Brahms’s cheerful Symphony No.2 in D major is a standard classical symphony in the style of Haydn. Syncopations and unexpected harmonies in the scherzo and the final movement are humorous, almost as if nodding to Haydn. During the composition of the Piano Concerto No.5 in E flat major, Beethoven’s hearing loss became all the more acute. When he finished the work, he was 39 years old and completely deaf: he could not conduct or play this work. The subtitle “Emperor” may have been given by his British publisher, Cramer, who was also a pianist and composer. Although it has nothing to do with any emperor of any country, Liszt, the emperor of the piano, loved this piece very much and performed it repeatedly.